Many construction and remodeling projects have detailed performance requirements for the products that are utilized. And for construction sealants, in exterior applications, ASTM C920 is the most relevant. This standard isn’t a building code, it’s a collection of tests and metrics that were developed to guarantee a certain level of necessary performance across characteristics like tack-free time, resistance to weathering, adhesion, and more. While sealant products need to pass these tests, there are situations when exceeding the standard is preferred and can produce longer-lasting results on the job site. In total, ten tests make up the ASTM C920 standard. This article will focus on three tests: C794 The Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric Sealants, C719 Adhesion and Cohesion of Joint Sealant Under Cyclic Movement, and C1246 the Effects of Heat Aging on Weight Loss.
This test is designed to determine the peel characteristics and strength of a sealant that has fully cured after it’s been applied to a joint. Test samples are built by applying a layer of sealant to a chosen substrate. Then a piece of aluminum mesh is placed on top of the sealant and another layer of sealant is applied – sandwiching the aluminum mesh in the middle with one end protruding. The sample will be fully cured in a controlled environment. Then the sample is placed in the meter and the exposed end of the aluminum mesh is attached. The test equipment pulls the sealant bead away from the substrate at a 180-degree angle at a speed of 2 inches per minute. To pass the test, the break that occurs from pulling the sealant needs to be cohesive. Meaning, the observed failure must happen to the sealant and not to the tested substrate. Once this occurs, the force (in pounds) required to cause the break is recorded.
OSI QUAD MAX has passed C794 testing with a variety of substrate materials:
- PVC Trim: Achieved a result of 47.6 lb./in
- Fiber Cement: Achieved a result of 47.0 lb./in
- Coated (Painted) Aluminum: Achieved a result of 51.1 lb./in
- Vinyl Siding: Achieved a result of 54.7 lb./in
- Mortar: Achieved a result of 42.0 lb./in
Overall, these measurements mean that cured QUAD MAX sealants beads can withstand a large amount of force before failure occurs. To put these results into perspective, a measurement of 5 pounds of force per inch is considered the passing standard for this test. And other construction sealants in the market average only 15 to 25 pounds of force per inch depending on the substrate. OSI QUAD MAX far exceeds both benchmarks on several different substrates, and highlights the product’s adhesion strength once it’s cured. The bead has a high bond strength, increasing the protection of the building envelope, and reducing the risk of callbacks.
The goal of this test is to measure how well a cured sealant product can withstand building movement. During this test, the sealant product is sandwiched between two pieces of a substrate using a precise mold. Once the sealant has cured under controlled conditions, the testing sample is placed in a machine that subjects it to cyclical extension and compression forces. The test is designed to see if the sealant can handle joint movement of +/- 25 percent. At the end of the test, the sealant is required to maintain its adhesion to the substrates while staying cohesively intact. If the sealant passes these checks after being exposed to the +/- 25 percent joint movement, it has achieved the ASTM standard.
OSI QUAD MAX exceeds the ATSM benchmark by being able to withstand double the joint movement applied in standardized testing. With a joint movement capacity of +/- 50 percent, QUAD MAX is one of the most flexible sealants on the market. A flexible sealant is better at distributing stress caused by the substrate expanding a contracting during weather changes.
A sealant with a lower tolerance for joint movement could start to crack, peel, and lose adhesion. Any failure increases the risk of the building envelope becoming compromised – resulting in water penetration and damage. On door, window, and siding installations, using a sealant that can accommodate high cyclical joint movement long-term, might require a class 50 sealant.
This ASTM test evaluates the effect heat exposure has on a sealant product that has fully cured. Using a brass mold, sealant is applied congruently onto three different aluminum panes and are set to cure completely under controlled conditions. The samples are weighed and are then placed in a specialized oven at a temperature of around 158 degrees Fahrenheit for 21 days. After that time, the sealant samples are weighed again to determine the loss percentage due to heat exposure. The beads are also examined for cracks and measured on a scale of 0-4 against a control specimen (CGI control samples below). Zero represents the absence of any cracks in the cured sealant product.
This standard is one of the best ways to see how a construction sealant will perform long-term in high-heat conditions. It is a predictor of success but not necessarily a guarantee of durability.
OSI QUAD MAX exceeds the ASTM C920 standards outlined above. It gives pros confidence on the job site with reliable performance against the elements. Learn more about the benefits QUAD MAX brings to door, window, and siding installation projects today.
Disclaimer: the information provided is intended to offer a general understanding. OSI recommends you seek out technical data sheets, speak further with an expert and/or gather additional performance information before making any final product decisions.